This might explain a great deal of present-day socio-cultural diversity enjoyed and exercised in Morocco. Following a significant process of interaction and interchange, the mode of life of the indigenous people has been significantly shaped. Moroccan Berbers/Imazighen have undergone centuries of cultural and economic exchange with different foreign powers that crossed to the Maghreb throughout history. The latter serves as a pretext for setting up the space-time framework of the work, starting from three points: 1)the Phoenician colonization, which since archaic times has had in the foundation of Lixus (circa 1100 BC) and later that of Mogador, its westernmost geographical end, within a period of peaceful coexistence with the indigenous people, which was reduced to the establishment of villas and commercial networks near the rivers of the Maghreb coastal strip 2)the emergence of Carthage as a power in the Mediterranean between the 7th-4th centuries BC and until the fall of Tyre in 332 BC, whose legacy continues until the end of the Punic wars, in the middle of the 2nd century BC, establishing a protectorate over the cities-states derived from colonialism, which was practically wiped off the map by the Romans 3)and in the future Roman control, which from 146 BC establishes its networks with intense Romanization not beyond the Sahara Desert, which does not allow us to establish a clear boundary to the South, although in a general way the Niger River1 will be taken as a natural border.
This block would limit Egypt to the east, bathing its shores the Mediterranean to the north, the Atlantic to the west to the border of the present state of Senegal, leaving the delimitation to the South somewhat more confusing, but which in a general way we will place in the whole of the Sahara desert. To define the área of study we resort to the current physical and political determination of the Maghreb, which comes to understand practically the North-West of Africa, which extends through the territory that extends from the coastal strip and into the current states of Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Western Sahara and Mauritania, to which we could add by proximity to North Mali. Because of its Mediterranean immediacy, the Maghreb will be closely related to historic Egypt, ancient Greece, Phoenician colonizers, the flourishing and fall of Carthage and the rise of Rome.
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